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ANIMALS THAT ARE IMMUNE TO VENOM

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Ground squirrel

The ground squirrels are members of the squirrel family of rodents, which generally live on or in the ground, rather than trees.

Scientific name: Marmotini

Class: Mammalia

Family: Sciuridae

Lifespan: Eastern chipmunk: 3 years, Siberian chipmunk: 6 – 10 years

Mass: Groundhog: 3.9 kg, California ground squirrel: 600 g, Rock squirrel: 660 g,

Length: Groundhog: 41 cm, Rock squirrel: 27 cm, Siberian chipmunk: 18 – 25 cm, 

Hedgehog


A hedgehog is any of the spiny mammals of the subfamily Erinaceinae, in the eulipotyphlan family Erinaceidae. There are seventeen species of hedgehog in five genera found through parts of Europe, Asia, and Africa, and in New Zealand by introduction.
Lifespan: Woodland hedgehogs: 2 – 5 years

Class: Mammalia

Scientific name: Erinaceinae

Length: Woodland hedgehogs: 20 – 30 cm, Daurian hedgehog: 15 – 20 cm, more

Gestation period: Woodland hedgehogs: 30 – 40 days, Desert hedgehog: 30 – 40 days

Mass: Woodland hedgehogs: 0.4 – 1.2 kg, Daurian hedgehog: 600 g,

Pigs

A pig is any of the animals in the genus Sus, within the even-toed ungulate family Suidae. Pigs include domestic pigs and their ancestor, the common Eurasian wild boar, along with other species. Pigs, like all suids, are native to the Eurasian and African continents, ranging from Europe to Pacific islands.

Scientific name: Sus
Family: Suidae
Lifespan: Javan warty pig: 8 years
Class: Mammalia
Kingdom: Animalia
Gestation period: Wild boar: 115 days, Javan warty pig: 122 days
Mass: Wild boar: 75 – 100 kg, Javan warty pig: 80 – 150 kg

Skunks
Skunks are North and South American mammals in the family Mephitidae. While related to polecats and other members of the weasel family, skunks have as their closest Old World relatives the stink badgers. The animals are known for their ability to spray a liquid with a strong, unpleasant smell.

Family: Mephitidae
Phylum: Chordata
Order: Carnivora
Kingdom: Animalia
Class: Mammalia

Honey Badger
The honey badger, also known as the ratel, is a mammal widely distributed in Africa, Southwest Asia, and the Indian subcontinent. Because of its wide range and occurrence in a variety of habitats, it is listed as Least Concern on the IUCN Red List.
Height: 23 – 28 cm (Adult, At Shoulder)
Kingdom: Animalia
Family: Mustelidae
Class: Mammalia
Lifespan: 24 years (In captivity)
Mass: Male: 9 – 16 kg (Adult), Female: 5 – 10 kg (Adult)

FACTS THAT BACKS UP THEIR IMMUNITY
In the mammalian realm, hedgehogs, skunks, ground squirrels,pigs and honey badger have shown resistance to venom due to the lowly opossum, which wields a venom-neutralizing peptide in its blood

SCIENTIFIC SUCCESS ON THE USE OF POSSUM AS ANTIVENOM

The research team, led by Claire F. Komives of San Jose State University, also demonstrated that genetically modified bacteria could produce the protective peptide at low costs.

Komives unveiled the antivenom candidate in a Division of Biochemical Technology session in Denver on Sunday. But the fundamental discoveries behind the findings were made nearly 20 years ago by a researcher named Binie V. Lipps.

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